BACKGROUND
The Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (VIGG RAS) is the oldest genetic research institution within the Academy of Sciences system, being the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences its predecessor. The history of the Institute dates back to 1930, when Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov established and led the Laboratory of Genetics at the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1933, this laboratory was reorganized into the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, with Vavilov appointed as its director. In 1934, the Institute relocated from Leningrad to Moscow. The Institute brought together leading geneticists and cytogeneticists of the time, including Mikhail Navashin, Sergei Gershenzon, and Grigory Levitsky. Under Vavilov’s leadership, the Institute became an internationally recognized center for genetic research. To foster international collaboration, he invited prominent foreign scientists to work at the Institute, including American geneticists Calvin Bridges and Hermann Muller (future Nobel laureate), and Bulgarian geneticist Doncho Kostov. From 1934 to 1938, Hermann Muller led the Laboratory of Gene Problems and Mutagenesis at the Institute.
Research at the Institute encompassed a wide range of areas, including gene and mutation studies, interspecific hybridization, the material basis of heredity, inheritance of quantitative traits, and the origins of domesticated animals and cultivated plants.
In the late 1930s, the Institute’s scientific activities were disrupted due to the pseudoscientific policies promoted by Trofim Lysenko. Scientific work resumed only in 1966.
In 1966, the Institute of General Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences was established, based on three existing laboratories and the Laboratory of Radiation Genetics led by Academician Nikolai Petrovich Dubinin, who became the Institute's first director.
Since 1984, the Institute has borne the name of its founding director, N.I. Vavilov.
Today, the Institute comprises 32 laboratories conducting research in the following areas:
- General, molecular, and evolutionary genetics and genomics of humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms
- Population genetics and evolution in the context of biosphere conservation and sustainable use of biological resources
- Genetic structure of human populations, gene pools, and the genomic geography of humans in Russia and globally; demographic genetics
- Interdisciplinary studies on gene-culture coevolution and gene-environment interactions
- Genetic principles of breeding in animals, plants, and microorganisms; genomics of cultivated plants with applications in genetics, breeding, and biotechnology
- Genetic profiling and DNA identification
- Genetic safety and genotoxicology
- Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of cell reprogramming in mammals, including humans
- Genetic foundations of biotechnology
- Development of mathematical models in biology; bioinformatics
- Comparative genomics and systems biology
- Tumor genetics